Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) is a rare genetic condition that occurs when the 13th chromosome
appears three times (trisomy) instead of two times in a person's DNA. This is a chromosomal
condition associated with severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities in many
parts of the body.
Occurrence: Trisomy 13 occurs in an estimated 1 out of 10,000 to 20,000 live births.
The rate of occurrence is higher among children born to parents who are older than 35 years.
Common Features: Symptoms affect how the face, brain and heart develop, along with
several other internal organs. Common features include heart defects, brain or spinal cord abnormalities,
very small or poorly developed eyes, extra fingers or toes, cleft lip/palate, and weak muscle tone.
Treatment: There is no specific treatment for trisomy 13. Treatment varies from child
to child and depends on the specific symptoms. Treatment may require immediate and long-term care after
birth and may include educational support, medicines to reduce symptoms, speech, behavioral and physical
therapy, and surgery to repair any physical abnormalities.